Kazimierz Twardowski a duch polskości

Abstract

The text compares several main practical ideas of Kazimierz Twardowski to common Polish attitudes and ways of acting which can be called the „spirit of Polishness”. Twardowski’s four main practical ideas are: understanding of patriotism as a fulfillment of duties and limiting particularism, daily hard work combined with accuracy, compliance with the rules and regulations of the law, civil courage. These four ideas are at odds with the „spirit of Polishness”, however, they contributed to the formation of the Lvov-Warsaw School.