Koncepcja Boga Stwórcy w teizmie otwartym i probabilistycznym a islam

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the problem of the nature of God in Islam and to the problem of the divine knowledge regarding future contingents, in particular. The starting point for the paper is a hypothesis recently formulated by some Christian philosophers and theologians that open and probabilistic theism, i.e. metaphysical views on the limited scope of the divine knowledge, are compatible with Islam and its intellectual tradition, but that they are not compatible with the Judeo-Christian tradition. The article takes briefly into consideration an overview of Islamic teachings regarding the divine knowledge of the future and the divine nature. The final conclusion of the article based on the analysis of the Islamic thought (Kalam and Falsafa) is that open and probabilistic theism are not consistent with the Islamic doctrines. The main reason for that conclusion is that the libertarian idea of human freedom is a fundamental assumption of open and probabilistic theism. That libertarian conception of human freedom is less important in Islam, or even, because of some essential theological points, it is deemed incompatible with Islam, and was a view defended by a minority of thinkers within the Islamic tradition.