https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4165 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 02:13:08 GMT 2026-04-06T02:13:08Z https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl:443/bitstream/id/e39d4a7b-720f-437d-8da0-63fd3c949e50/ https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4165 https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4184 Polysemy: convention and incidental cases Alm-Arvius, Christina Polysemy is a key question in the field of semantic s. Empirical observations, analysis and description of polysemy are important for theoretical considerations and development as well as for applied linguistics, e.g. lexicography. Polysemy occurs when a lexical unit or a construction is used to represent different but also related meanings. Polysemous variation is either conventional and systematic or the result of merely incidental, contextually induced meaning shifts. A polyseme has one or more distinct and entrenched sense potentials, but they sometimes combine or fuse in actual language use. In addition, there are more general types of regular polysemy that are only pragmatically instantiated, as well as idiosyncratic and unpredictable meaning changes. By comparison, a monosemic element has only one conventional sense, while homonyms just happen to be formally identical although their meanings are not related. Important factors in polysemous variation are (i) the occurrence of different types of meaning, or language functions, (ii) differences in experiential domain connections, and (iii) differences in sense relations. The following types of polysemous variation have been recognised: collocational tailoring, domain shift, metaphor, metonymy, perspective shift, value reversal, irony, emotive colouring, interpersonal signal, and idiom breaking. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4184 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4183 Some remarks on a multimodal approach to subtitles Bączkowska, Anna For decades, translation has been dominated by a monomodal approach to communication, largely interested in the verbal channel of communication. This long-lasting line of reasoning has begun to reverse and is currently being phased out by multimodality - a more recent enterprise, which offers a global, holistic and plurisemiotic perspective on communication, which, in simplest terms, allows for verbal along with nonverbal signals. The present paper is an attempt to combine an originally semiotic theory applied to communication studies, i.e. multimodality, with one type of audiovisual translation, that of subtitling, with the aim of seeking justification for or finding arguments against the use of the technique widely employed in subtitling known as omission. In our analysis this technique is not only understood as a complete omission in the target text of a word or a sequence of words present in the source text, it is discussed in the context of other semiotic signals, in particular in relation to visual signals available on the screen. The question posed in the paper concerning whether and what to omit in subtitles is illustrated by a sample analysis of selected scenes excerpted from a romantic comedy “What Women Want”. The analysis has shown that while a translator is obliged to omit large portions of the original text in subtitles, the criteria governing whether and what to omit rather than reduce or leave in its 0riginal form still remain unclear. Whilst recent growth in the popularity of the multimodal approach, which focuses on the moving image and on the textual layer equally, generally speaking encourages reductions and omissions even more than was customary in the past, in some cases omission is not recommended, in particular when special pragmatic effects play a crucial role in a scene. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4183 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4182 The challenges of New Media Translation: a multimodal approach to website translation Chuang, Ying Ting This paper deals with the challenges of new media translation from a multimodal perspective. Through reviewing the relevant literature, this paper identifies three major features that new media have had upon translation: partial translation, multiple semiotic representation and consistency. Based on a case study of website translation, this paper aims at exploring the connections among these three features by examining the cross-cultural and cross-modal representation of web pages. That is, this paper at tempts to show how the translator uses modal resources to form segments, produce partial translation and maintain consistency between texts. It is found that new media translation produces its own systems of multimodal representation and method of textual interpretation; furthermore, the multimodal system of new media translation is based on reflecting of social reality and inter-cultural sensitivity. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4182 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4181 On inevitability of personification in Darwin's "Origin of Species" Drogosz, Anna The paper investigates the sources of the personification of nature and natural selection in the work On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. The study based on the Conceptual Metaphor theory and Cognitive Grammar has demonstrated that Darwin’s use of personification is motivated by multiple interrelated factors such as the concept of change, conceptual grounding of the sentence subject, an analogy with artificial selection, the competing scenario of creation and the pre-existing personification of Mother Nature. The analysis has revealed that in spite of criticism, Darwin was unable to remove personification from his theory without destroying the coherence of his argument and the style of the text. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl///handle/item/4181 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z